AGUARRO (AYARRO) / JOSE / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75 + NARA]
ALORES / JOSE / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ARRUTIA /
URRITIA
(URRUTIA) / HENRIQUE JR (ENRIQUE) (EMRY) (HENRY) PORTO
RICAN / [NARA75
+ CCHS]
BALLESTERO / MANEUL HIDALGO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
BARRELLI / ADELA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
BLANCO / ANTONIO / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
CALDERIN / FRANCISCO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
CASTRO / MARIA M(ERCEDES:CCHS) / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
DE JESUS / LOUIS / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
DE JESUS / MIGUEL (MARTINEZ) / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
DEARCE / EMILIO PAGAN / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
DUCHESNE / CONCEBIDA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ELIAS / FIDEL PUERTO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ESPENDEZ / ISABEL / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
FAGUNDO / RAMON LOPEZ / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
FERNANDEZ / JULIO / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
FIGUERO(A) / VICENTIS / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
GARNIER / MATILDA / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
GAUDIER / RAFAEL / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
GONZALES (CCHS:GONZALO) / ESPERANZA / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS +
NARA75]
GONZALEZ / FERNANDO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
GONZALO / JOSE / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
HOHEB / JULIO A / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
LARA / CARLOS GALLARADO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
MARTINEZ / LEVIA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
MARTINEZ / PROVIDENTIA (CCHS:PROVIDENCIA) / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS +
NARA75]
MEDINA / FELICITA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
MENENDEZ / JOAQUIN / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
MONTANO / SANTIAGO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
MORALES / OLIMPIA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
MUSIGNAC / PEDROENRIQUE / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
NIEVES / DELORES / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
NIN / BELEN / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ORRIOLA / NEMECIA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ORTEGA / RAPHAEL / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
OSUNA / JOSE / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS]
PADIN / EMILIANO / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS]
PAGAN / ANTONIO JULIO OSCAR / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
PASARELL / EDWARD / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
PRADO / JOSE / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
RAMANAT / RAMON / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
REXACH / EMMANUEL RUIZ / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS] (NAME CHANGED TO
REXACH
FROM RUIZ, THEN BACK TO RUIZ 030731 RMH)
REXACH / SAMUEL / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS]
REYAS / ANTONIO TORRES / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
RIVERA / ANGELA / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS]
RODERIGUEZ / CASTULA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
RODRIGUEZ (CCHS:RODRUQUEZ) / ANTONIO / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS +
NARA75]
RODRIGUEZ / JOSEC / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ROSARIO / AURORA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
ROSELL / OSCARPAGAN / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
RUIZ SEE REXACH / MANUEL
SANCHES (CCHS:SANCHEZ) / LOUIS / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
SANTANO (CCHS:SANTANA) / JUAN / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
SANTILLO (SANTAELLA) / MARIA / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS]
SCHULTZ / MELAGROS / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
SEGUI (CCHS:SEQUI) / PAUL / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS + NARA75]
SEIJO / FELIX / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
SULTANO / JUAN / [CCHS] (12/2/1898 Ind.Helper)
VALDEZATE / ZORAIDA I. / PORTO RICAN / [CCHS]
VASQUEZ / FERNANDO / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
VELEZ / ELVIRA / PORTO RICAN / [NARA75]
THE INDIAN HELPER
~%^%~
A WEEKLY
LETTER
-FROM
THE-
Indian Industrial School, Carlisle, Pa.
================================================
VOL. XIV. FRIDAY, November 25, 1898 NUMBER 6
================================================
The Major told the school last Saturday night that we were
to
have a Portorican student before long. Hurrah! The
Indians
will give him a warm welcome and treat him well.
================================================
OUR SOLDIER
BOY.
----------
Joseph DuBray who has been through the Americo-Spanish war
as
a member of the 6th Massachusetts, and who came home on a
furlough
a short time ago returning soon after to his regiment near Boston,
is one
of our Sioux boys.
While here he told many interesting experiences.
Among other things he said one evening in No. 10:
"There were some soldiers on the Yale that took me to Porto
Rico, who were just out of High School and never had been away
from home
before.
They looked back at the land and said:
'We'll never see that glorious old United States
again.
Boys, we're going to be targets for the Spanish bullets!'
And then they sang, 'Home, Sweet Home,' and I wondered what
I was doing away off there from my friends."
Another incident he related was this:
"We were keeping guard, the night after landing on Porto
Rico
soil, and were stretched along something like a telephone.
When one man heard a noise he would run to the next man, a
hundred
feet away, and give the alarm, and the second man would carry it
to the
next, just as quiet.
We did not want the enemy to know where we were, of course.
I heard a horse galloping up near me.
I halt him but did not stop, so I fire; and I heard the
horse
fall and groan, and the next man on guard ran up to help me.
I said; 'We ought to see if a man is hurt.'
He said: 'They may be waiting to kill us.'
But we went anyway, the poor horse was groaning so.
We crept on our knees and it was so dark that we could not
see
anything, and my heart felt as though it was tumbling over and
over clear
up to my throat.
We found the horse and put some shots into it and stopped
its
suffering, but we did not find any Spaniard there."
"Once," the speaker continued, "During the march across the
Island, a ranchman told us we might have all his chickens if we
could catch
them.
Two soldiers were chasing a chicken.
I saw it coming right toward me.
I happened to have a good heavy stick in my hand, and I hit
at it with that, then I fell onto it just exactly as I fall onto a
football.
I took that chicken to the cook and asked him to fry it for
me and be sure and give me all of it, too, when it was done.
We were sorry when peace was declared. We were going
to
take San Juan so nicely. We were just a day's march to San
Juan when
the news came.
================================================
VOL. XIV. FRIDAY, December 2, 1898 NUMBER 7
================================================
The young man from Porto Rico has arrived. He is
about
16, speaks very little English, but is fast making friends among
the California
and New Mexico boys who speak Spanish. He will soon learn
English.
In his first interview with Major Pratt he volunteered this
information:
"Me Boston; Me Concord; Me come Carlisle." When he saw it
snowing
this week he thought it was ice cream, such as he had been treated
to in
Boston, coming down from the clouds, "but this no sweet."
His name
is Juan Sultano, now an Americano.
================================================
VOL. XIV. FRIDAY, January 27, 1899 NUMBER 14
================================================
GENERAL EATON.
----------
It is eminently fitting that the school teacher should
follow
the soldier into Porto Rico. If there is anyone who can
successfully light the lamp of learning in the island it should
be General Eaton, who started so successfully the same work
among
the freedmen of the south at the close of the civil war. -[Omaha
Bee.
General Eaton is one of Carlisle's staunchest friends, and
we
are glad that he has been selected for such an honored position
as Commissioner of Education in Porto Rico, which he so eminently
fortified by experience and influence to fill.
================================================
VOL. XIV. FRIDAY, March 17, 1899 NUMBER 21
================================================
We have another addition of a Porto Rican who was brought
from
New Castle, this State, by Mr. James M. Hamilton. The boy's
name
is Jose Ayarro. That he will do his best to obey orders was
evidenced the other day when the bell rang, without waiting to
fall in. He had not learned that he was to go in line with
the
others. His one idea was to get to school as soon after the
bell
rang as possible, and not until he arrived in his class room did
he find his mistake.
================================================
VOL. XIV. FRIDAY, March 24, 1899 NUMBER 22
================================================
General Eaton, Commissioner of Education in Porto Rico, has
sent to Carlisle for Sloyd points, and wants to know if we can
take a party of Porto Ricans.
================================================
VOL. XIV. FRIDAY, April 7, 1899 NUMBER 24
================================================
The announcement this week, that Miss Shaffner is to
be
married was a cyclone of surprise from a clear sky. Before
the
HELPER is printed next week, Miss Ruth Shaffner, in charge of
girls, will become Mrs. Ruth Shaffner-Etnier. Mr. Charles S.
Etnier, of Philadelphia, wins the prize. On next Wednesday,
Miss
Shaffner leaves Carlisle for Ponce, Porto Rico. En route,
she
will be married Thursday afternoon, at the house of a friend in
the City of Brotherly Love. From there, at two o'clock the
wedded couple will take the train for New York, and the next day,
Friday, the 14th, will sail from New York. Mr. Etnier has
charge
of the books of the Porto Rico and Ponce Improvement Company,
recently organized on a large scale. Miss Shaffner as a
World's
Organizer of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union will find
plenty of work in the diamond of the Antilles. Ponce is a
city
of some forty thousand inhabitants, and the climate of the island
is charming and salubrious. The affair is nearly as sudden
for
the contracting parties as for their friends, for not until a few
days ago did Mr. Etnier expect to leave Philadelphia so soon.
Miss Shaffner's place at the school has been one of prominence
and good works, and she will be greatly missed by the girls whom
she has mothered so efficiently for seven years, and by the
school in general, which will loose a faithful, energetic and
loyal worker for all good causes.
--------------------
Census
1900
Ayarro, Jose / son/ M/M/1882/18/S/Porto Rico/Porto Rico/Porto Rico
Ayano, Jose / Porto Rican/Porto
rican/Porto
Rican
Santano, Juan / son/M/M/1883/17/S/Porto Rico/Porto Rico/Porto Rico
Santano, Juan / Porto Rican/Porto
rican/Porto
Rican
Sanders, Louis / son/M/M/1885/15/S/Porto Rico/Porto Rico/Porto
Rico
Sanders, Louis / Porto Rican/Porto
rican/Porto
Rican
Figuero, Vincentes / son/M/M/1880/20/S/Porto Rico/Porto Rico/Porto
Rico
Figuero, Vincentes / Porto Rican/Porto
rican/Porto
Rican
==========================================================
THIS IS
CARLISLE
PI
1-3-3
p. 87 Zoraida Valdezate, Porto Rican
(class
1904)
p. 88 Jose Osuan, Manuael Rexach, Angela
Rivera,
Antonio Rodriquez, Maria Santaella, [all
Porto Rican - class 1905]
=============================================================
INDIAN HELPER 14:41:3
(1899)
p.3
Jose Ayarro, one of the
boys from Porto Rico, had an experience with some bees, and when
Mr. Jordan asked him what
was the matter he said -- "Fly scratch me," when the bees had
stung
him several times on the neck.
==============================================================
RED MAN AND HELPER (RM&H) Frid, 9/14/1900
SENIORS JUNIORS AND
FOOTBALLERS
WHO CAME FROM THE COUNTRY TO BEGIN SCHOOL, SEPT. 3.
...Louis
Sanches
===============================================================
RM&H Friday, 9/21/1900
RETURNED FROM COUNTRY HOMES SINCE THE
11TH
...Louis Sanchez
================================================================
RM&H August 30, 1901 & September 6, 1901
[unedited]
Senores Jose J. Rsnms and Lui~ Muuoz Rivera, are visiting the
Porto
Rican youth and the school. Senor Rivera is the editor of the
PuertoRico
Herald, New York.
================================================================
RM&H Friday, 9/14/1901
MAN-ON-THE-BAND-STAND CORNER:
Mr. L.C. Bortree, of
Moscow,
Deputy Sheriff, of Lackawana County, stopped off for a brief
visit to the school,
on his way home from Gettysburg, where he had been in attendance
upon a Grand Army Convention.
Mr. Bortree is a particular friend of
Castulo
Rodriguez, one of our printers. His son is now in Porto
Rico.
Castulo came north with him about a year ago, and so-journed for
awhile in Moscow,
before coming to Carlisle.
==================================================================
RM&H Friday, 2/28/1902
MOTBS:
Two of our Porto Rican
girls
lost their trunks in Gettysburg Junction fire on Friday
night......
Manuel Rexach has
joined
the printers' corps.
===================================================================
RM&H Friday, 3/11/1902
MOTBS:
Angela Rivera, who went
to New York, writes that she misses Carlisle friends very
much. She has to study
hard, but she is a brave little girl, and will succeed.
RM&H Friday, 4/4/1902
MOTBS:
Antonio Rodriguez has
exchanged
his profession of tailor of that of farmer of the summer, where he
can build up
in health, and gain some ready cash. --
The Porto Rican girls
are
contented in the country and most of them are improving very much
with their English; for
this reason the ones that are here are anxious to go out to the
country.--
=====================================================================
RM&H Friday, 8/20/1902
MOTBS:
Maria Mercedes Castro,
one
of our Porto rican girls, came in from the country a few days ago,
and expects to go
to the Bloomsburg Normal school.
======================================================================
RM&H Friday, 9/19/1902
MOTBS:
Several of the Porto
Ricans
have "struck out" in earnest on English.
Now they will begin to improve as they
never
have before.--
Henry Smith, Levi
Webster...Manuel
Rexach...are the last printers in from the country to report for
duty.
The Porto Rican girls
are
anxious this year to learn good English, for they have
meadowy promise among themselves
not to talk any word in their Spanish for the rest of this year.
One of the Porto Rican
boys
says that American teachers are like molasses, but the Porto Rican
teachers are
like iron. The Man-on-the-band-stand hardly knows whether to
take the contrast
as a compliment or not, for the opposite of iron is "soft;" it is
believed,
however, that he meant "sweet."
=============================================================================
RM&H Friday, 5/8/1903
VOICES FROM THE COUNTRY.
Angela Rivera writes
from
Bloomsburg where she is attending the Normal: "I do not find the
work in either the dining
room or school room too hard. I guess it is because I want
to do it."
===========================================================================
RM&H Friday, 5/15/1903
THE SENIORS GIVE THEIR LAST ENTERTAINMENT
FOR THE SEASON.
Zoraida Valdezate and
Ella
Petosky gave a scene from the Merchant of Venice, and did it very
well. In this
scene George Balenti took the part of an attendant.
---------------------------------------
FROM A PORTO RICAN IN A COUNTRY HOME
Milagro Schulze writes
to
Col. Pratt in good English as follows:
"I came up
hear
from Porto Rico two years next July and I did not know how to
speak
a word of English. I go to school here in Kennett Square and
I work hard
at school and get promoted twice a year. I feel sorry of the
other
Porto Ricans who don't stay in the country. If I did not have a
strong
will I never would have stuck this long. I hope you will
permit
me to remain here until I graduate, then I will go home and teach
my
people the ways and customs of the northern people.
My
favorite studies are history and biography. One of the great
men I read about
and admired very much was Abraham Lincoln. I thank you very
much
for your kindness to me, and if I can never repay you with
anything
else I will with gratitude."RM&H 1903 (vol. 19, No. 29, p. 3)
MOTBS:
Printer Matilde Garnier
has come in from the country to join her class, that of 1906.
========================================================================
RM&H Friday, 4/10/1903
Photo that we think may include Emmanuel
Rexach
RM&H Friday, 4/17/1903
Photo caption: Indian and Porto Rican sit
down and study together. Manuel Rexach, the Porto Rican is
the boy on the
right. He is now attending Commercial College in town and
boards at the
school.
========================================================================
RM&H Friday 2/26 and 3/4/1904
(Entire issue copied)
========================================================================
RM&H Friday, 8/25/1904
MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS.
Some of our Porto
Ricans
have enjoyed meeting with friends and relatives from their home,
who came with the company
of teachers that spent the summer in the States. Among
others were
Julio Hoheb and Esperanza Gonzalo, who went to Phila. The
latter saw her
sister but for a day, and she says by letter that it was one of
the happiest
days of her life. The Porto Rican teachers were somewhat
astonished to
hear her using the English she does. She saw Rafael Ortega
and Enrique
Rexach
who graduated from Dickinson College. The teachers have
enjoyed America. Esperanza is living with Mrs. Edge of
Downingtown and has with
her Ida Bruce. They are in love
with their summer home and country
mother,
and are very well.
===========================================================================
THE ARROW Thursday, 2/9/1905
AMERICAN SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES.
==========================================================================
THE ARROW, 3/23/1905
OUR SPANISH POSSESSION, by Antonio
Rodriguez.
(article copied)
=========================================================================
PHOTO class of 1904
==========================================================================
PHOTO class of 1905
Not pictured:
Puerto Ricans -
Emiliano
Padin, Manuel Rexach, Maria A. Santella, Angela Rivera, Jose
Osuna.
======================================================
RM&H Friday, 6/19/1903
MOTBS:
Esperanza Gonzalo, of
Port
Rico, and Patrick Verney, of Alaska, have entered the printing
office this week.
The ends of the earth do meet at Carlisle.
============================================================================
PHOTO CLASS of 1905RM vol. V, no. 6, p. 266
"A couple of days ago,
Paul
Sequi, Porto Rican and ex-student of Carlisle, returned to his
native island after
seven years' absence. He is married and is the manager for
Bartolome Sequi
& Sons, funeral directors, with officers in San Juan and
Ponce.
"Manual (Emanuel) Ruiz
Rexach,
of the Class of 1905 of Carlisle, has been married recently and
has a job as clerk
in the civil service in San Juan, P.R. Also Antonio
Rodriguez of
the same class has a good job as internal revenue collector on the
island.
"Henry (Enrique)
Urrutia,
ex-student of Carlisle, is married. Henry passed the
examination for first lieutenant
in the Porto Rican Regiment and is now stationed at Henry
Barracks, at Cayey,
P.R. Angela Rivera and Maria Santaella of Class 1905,
Carlisle, are employed
as teachers by the Department of Education. So much for
graduates and ex-students.
"I am going to move my
office
from where I have been for just four years to the new modern Royal
Bank of Canada Building,
which will be completed by February 1, 1913."
=====================================================================
THE RED MAN, vol. 4, #1, p. 42 - 1911
Providencia Martinez in
a letter to Mr. Friedman from Porto Rico says that she will always
be very glad she came
to Carlisle. She learned to like the Indians very much and
had many helpful
experiences. She sends greetings to all her old friends.
=======================================================================
THE RED MAN, vol. 5, #1, p. 41 - 1912
Jose Osuna, Class of
1905,
writes to Superintendent Friedman from State College, Pa, under
date of June 15, as follows:
I believe my Carlisle
friends
will be glad to hear that I have just completed my college
course. I look
back to my days at Carlisle with a great deal of pleasure.
In September,
I hope to enter Princeton Theological Seminary in preparation for
the
Presbyterian ministry.
==========================================================================
THE RED MAN, vol. 8, #21, p. 100 - 1912
Emilio DeArce, a former
student who left school last year, has gone to Rochester, N.Y., to
learn to be a chauffeur.
==========================================================================
THE RED MAN, vol. 6, #5, p. 206 - 1913
Jose Osuna writes from
the
Theological Seminary, Princeton, N.J., that he is a student
there. Present address,
8 Alexander Hall.
==========================================================================
CARLISLE ARROW, January 10, 1913
“Henry (Enrique) Urrutia, ex-student of Carlisle, is married.
Henry
passed the examination for first lieutenant in the Porto Rican
Regiment
and is now stationed at
Henry Barracks, at Cayey, P. R. Angela Rivera and Maria San taella
of Class 1905, Carlisle, are employed as teachers by the
Department of
Education.”
==========================================================================
CARLISLE ARROW, vol. 10, #1, 1913
HOLDS RESPONSIBLE
POSITION
IN PORTO RICO.
J. A. E. Rodriguez, a
Porto
Rican, who graduated from Carlisle in 1905, is now employed by the
Insular Government
of Porto Rico in the office of the Auditor as an expert
accountant, with
a compensation of $2,000 per annum and a per diem of $2.50 when on
the
road. Mr. Rodriquez is also president and treasurer of the
San Juan Base
Ball Grounds Association.
==========================================================================
CARLISLE ARROW, vol. 10, #24, p. 4 1914
Miguel de Jesus
Martinez,
one of our Porto Rican students, writes from San Sebastian, P.R.,
that he is postmaster
and collector of internal Revenue.
=========================================================================
A reception was then held in Alumni Hall,
both in honor of General Pratt and to open
=========================================
THE CARLISLE ARROW -A WEEKLY LETTER TO OUR PEOPLE
Alumni Hall, and many of the Gen-eral’s
friends from town were invited,
together with the school employees.
The rooms were simply decorated in
aprofusion of ferns and potted plants.
A large picture of General Pratt
graced the walls, and Hopi plaques
and pictures of all the graduating
classes were placed upon the railing
in both the reception and banquet
rooms, and Navajo rugs covered the
floors. Here and there library-sized
tables were placed about and on each
of these a fern or plant reposed.
Refreshments of ice cream and cake
were served throughout the evening.
The following graduates were pres-ent
and in the receiving line:
Nellie Robertson Denny, Class 1890.
Charles E. Dagenett, 1891.
Emily Peake Robitaille, 1893.
Antonio Lubo, 1904.
Angeles Rivera, 1904.
Wallace Denny, 1906.
Elizabeth Baird, 1908.
Alfred DeGrasse, 1911.
Gustavus Welch, 1912.
Francis Eastman, 1913.
Stella Bradly, 1913.
Sadie Ingalls, 1913.
Fred Broker, 1914.
General Pratt remained until the
following morning when a breakfast
was served in his honor in the Do-mestic
Science room by the girls
under the direction of Mrs. Ewing,
who acted as hostess. Seated with
General Pratt were Mr. and Mrs.
Lipps, Mr. Dagenett, Mr. and Mrs.
DeHuff, Dr. and Mrs. Rentdorff, and
Mr. and Mrs. Griffiths.
About 10 o’clock a. m., General
Pratt, in company with Judge and
Mrs. Biddle, of Carlisle, motored to
Harrisburg, on his way back to
Washington, made happier, nodoubt,
by his visit to Carlisle as were they
who were left behind.
October 16, 1914 ARROW
Jorges Estevez, Heye Center of NMAI in NY, was kind enough to send copies of all the information in the student folders of file 1327 at NARA. I've read through the copies. While skimming through these files some things jumped out at me, and so I share my 'discoveries' with you all - even though they will likely not be 'discoveries' to the historians who have been trading info with me.
* On the circumstances of children's recruitment, how they were received, and their sudden departure (in 1911?):
1911 - Supt. Friedman's letter to Figueroa :
"...until
the Porto Ricans were asked to leave...."
1912 - "..was obliged to leave the school before finishing,
as
the government decided we were taking up room that rightfully
belong to
the Indians."
6/16/1911 letter from Providencia Martinez:
"..We did not know that the school was a regular school for
Indians when
we went there because Miss Weekley never told us the real
truth"...."although
at first they hated us."
* Majority seem to be Catholic - almost every child.
* Five of the Outing Students were placed in Carlisle homes and one in Boiling Springs. Don't know if this is unusual. I was always under the impression that few children were placed that close to the school. Five were placed in Pt. Pleasant NJ.
* Figueroa stayed in Carlisle, married a local girl and lived in town on North St.. There are photos of him as a very old man, in our community. Yet, I've never heard stories about him from local folks although there are stories about 2 other Indian men who stayed and worked in Carlisle, Montreville Yuda and Richard Kesetti.
* The tuition during Friedman's admnistration was $167. In a couple of instances he suggests that students who want to pay their tuition or who want to send relatives can send in that amount to him. This is an interesting suggestion that the controls are with Friedman and not the Indian Dept. Gives hints as to how much control administrators had. Of course, Friedman was dismissed after the Senate Investigation but I don't have any recollection of any financial scandal involving "Porto Ricans".
* "Delores Nieves was a Negro Porto Rican." She is the only one for whom there is such a notation.
* In one of the letters, Friedman explains that after 1915 only children above the age of 16 were taken at Carlisle. This was news to me.
Special thanks to Jorges Estevez for sharing.