Carlisle Indian Industrial School Research Pages.

(1879 - 1918)

"The common schools
are the stomachs of the country
in which all people that come to us
are assimilated within a generation.
When a lion eats an ox,
the lion does not become an ox
but the ox becomes a lion."
...Henry Ward Beecher*

"If the Great Spirit had desired me
to be a white man
he would have made me so
in the first place.
He put in your heart
certain wishes and plans;
in my heart he put
other and different desires.
Each man is good
in the sight of the Great Spirit.
It is not necessary,
that eagles should be crows."
..Sitting Bull (Teton Sioux)

INTRODUCTION

These pages are designed, written and executed with the purpose of offering glimpses into the Carlisle Indian School and its history.

The Carlisle Indian School's mission was to shape identity.

In its infancy, that shaping meant to transform American Indian children to resemble their so-called "civilized" American brothers and sisters.
As the experiment progressed, that purpose shifted to one of "influence" rather than "transformation,"
according to Francis Leupp, U.S. Indian Commissioner, 1904.

It is our purpose to respectfully honor those students and their descendants who lived the experiment,
tocelebratewith those who prospered from it,
and to grieve with those whose lives were diminished by it.

This is a history that belongs to all Americans.
The identities of all Americans are shaped by the Carlisle experiment.

Much of the text on these pages reflect the collaborative efforts of
Barbara Landis and Genevieve Bell, and none of this work is associated
with the Cumberland County Historical Society.

Our express purpose in keeping this history alive is to encourage historians to envigorate a troubling conversation
and to deliver the Carlisle Indian School student names to their respective nations.

- Barbara Landis

I am grateful for the generous support
of these pages by the

VIOLA WHITE WATER FOUNDATION

Please consider donating toward the continued work of these pages:

Viola White Water Foundation
PO Box 126128
Harrisburg PA 17112

*THE RED MAN, VolumeX, No. 6, July and August, 1890.

New Thorpe Biography, available Oct. 19, 2010!

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Jim Thorpe